Article 1
The Republic of Iraq Form

1. The Republic of Iraq is a parliamentary, sovereign and democratic republic. All entities of the Republic of Iraq must yield to these principles.
2. This Constitution is the supreme law of the Republic of Iraq; it is directly binding on all Republic of Iraq authority. The general rules of public international law constitute an integral, inviolable part of the national law.

Article 2
The Republic of Iraq Citizens and Language

Article 3
The Republic of Iraq Symbols, Motto & Capital

Article 4
General Constitutional Objectives

Article 5
Republic of Iraq Security

Article 6
Elections

Article 7
Organizational Principles

1. The Republic of Iraq separates executive, legislative, and adjudicative powers. Offices in different powers are incompatible with each other. Offices in national entities are incompatible with any public office on a lower level and with any other salaried office, private or public. Political offices are incompatible with active duty in the armed forces.
2. The Republic of Iraq acknowledges national, regional, and local autonomy.
3. Autonomy is bound to the principle of democratic organization.

Article 8
Decentralization, Mutual Assistance

Article 9
Regional Council

Article 10
National Powers

Part II
Representation of the Republic of Iraq

Article 11
Head of the Republic of Iraq

1. The President is the head of the Republic of Iraq. He or she has the right of pardon, to conduct foreign affairs, and to all other representative functions of the Republic of Iraq.
2. The President and Vice-President are elected by the National Parliament with precedence over all other business. Their office ends after four non renewable year term or impeachment.
3. Every resident citizen with the right to vote who has attained the age of thirty-five is eligible for the office of President or Vice-President.
4. Before taking office, President and Vice-Presidents take the following Oath or Affirmation: "I do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute this office, honoring and protecting the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq."
5. The President shall not be held accountable for actions performed in the exercise of his office except in the case of high treason, may be indicted only by the National Parliament, and shall be tried only by the Supreme Court.

Part III
Executive Power

Article 12
National Government, President

1. The executive power of the Republic of Iraq is vested in the national Government. It includes diplomatic affairs.
2. The President is the head of the National Government. The President chooses the National Ministers. The National Parliament approves the National Ministers by majority of the votes.
3. The President is Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces.

Article 13
Impeachment

An impeachment of the President by the National Parliament takes the form of a new presidential election.

Article 14
Regional Equalization of Finances

The Republic of Iraq provides for an overall equalization of finances, giving due consideration to the regions' respective debts, burdens, economic power, and infrastructural responsibilities.

Part IV
Legislative Power

Article 15
National Parliament

1. The legislative power is vested in the National Parliament.
2. The National Parliament consists of 400 members. Members of the National Parliament are residents publicly elected by the People. Each region elects among its residents in proportion to its share of citizens eligible to vote. Their office ends after a four-year term or when they lose their electoral rights.
3. Everyone eligible to vote has recourse to the Supreme Court for scrutiny of the elections.
4. The national parliament draws up its own rules of procedures and elects a parliamentary president and parliamentary vice-presidents.
5. Decisions of the National Parliament require a majority of the votes cast (simple majority) unless this Constitution provides otherwise.

Article 16
Rights of Members of Parliament

1. Members of Parliament are only bound by their conscience.
2. Members of Parliament may not be subjected to court proceedings or disciplinary action for a vote cast or a statement made by them in the National Parliament or in any of its committees.
3. Members of Parliament may not be called to account or be arrested except by permission of the National Parliament.
4. Members of Parliament are entitled to adequate remuneration ensuring their independence. The remuneration may not be altered for the present term.

Article 17
Lawmaking Process

1. Bills can be introduced only by the Members of Parliament or by one percent or more of the citizens (Public initiative). Bills can specify the additional requirement of a public referendum after they have been voted upon.
2. The Regional Council has to be informed immediately of any bill introduced. Members of the Regional Council have the right to be heard during sessions according to the same rules as govern the participation of Members of Parliament.
3. Articles ( ), ( ) and ( ) of this constitution shall not be deleted or altered.
4. Articles ( ), ( ) and ( ) of this constitution may be deleted or altered subject to referandum.
5. Laws altering this Constitution require two thirds of the absolute votes of the Members of Parliament. All laws are void if they are unconstitutional.
6. Laws have to specify their effective date. They are countersigned without scrutiny by the Parliamentary President and promulgated in the Official National Publication.
7. Bills can be submitted to a referendum if provided by parliamentary decision or as part of the initiative.

Article 18
Budget

1. The bill for the yearly budget law is introduced by the President.
2. Budget laws are not subjected to referendums.

Article 19
Treaties

1. The President signs treaties with other states.
2. The legislative power of the National Parliament includes the power to ratify treaties with other states.
3. Treaties not ratified within six months have to be revoked by the President.

Article 20
National Ordinances

1. Laws may empower National Ministers to adopt National Ordinances regarding a specified subject matter.
2. National Ordinances do not require ratification by Parliament.

Article 21
State of Emergency

1. In cases of grave and immediate threat to the existence of the Republic of Iraq, the President may take necessary measures of defense.
2. All emergency measures must be confirmed or revoked by the Parliament at the earliest time possible but not later than 90 days after these measures are taken. The President is bound by the Parliaments' decisions.

Article 22
Ombudsman

The parliamentary Ombudsman safeguards fundamental rights and liberties and controls the compliance of all Republic of Iraq powers with the provisions of this Constitution.

Part V
Adjudicative Power

Article 23
Independent Courts

1. The adjudicative power is vested in independent courts.
2. Judges are citizens elected by the parliament. They are independent. Their office ends at time of retirement or when they lose their electoral rights.

Article 24
Supreme Court

1. The Supreme Court decides issues involving this Constitution. In particular, the Supreme Court has jurisdiction over:
   
   a)disputes between Republic of Iraq entities concerning their respective rights and duties under this Constitution;
   b)challenges of a national or regional entity, a Court in the course of its determination, or a third of the Members of Parliament against the constitutionality of a law;
   c)claims of individuals regarding violations of their constitutional rights;
   d)popular complaints about the violation of fundamental rights;
   e)challenges of an act of a Republic of Iraq power by the Ombudsman;
   f)cases on appeal from National Courts as the Supreme Court deems necessary to review;
   g)All other cases assigned to its jurisdiction by law.
2. Decisions of the supreme court are directly binding for all entities of the Republic of Iraq.
3. The office of Supreme Court Justices does not exceed a period of 15 years.

Article 25
National Courts

1. National courts have supreme jurisdiction over review and other matters assigned to it by law.
2. Separate national courts shall be established for private law, penal law, and general public law.
3. The supreme court decides by extraordinary review in cases of inconsistent application of the law by different national courts.

Chapter IV
Fundamental Rights

Part I
General Provisions

Article 26
Human Rights

1. The Republic of Iraq acknowledges liberty and equality of all humans.
2. Human dignity must be respected in any case.
3. Everyone is free to do or not to do whatever he or she chooses. Everyone is responsible for acts freely chosen.
4. The Republic of Iraq ensures that the quality of an Iraqi shall never be held in doubt because of faith, belief or presumed loyalty.
5. People have rights for no other reason than that they exist as individual human beings. These rights are not a gift from others.
6. Slavery is abolished.

Article 27
Applicability

1. Fundamental rights apply to natural persons, domestic and foreign, who are assigned these rights. They apply to legal persons, domestic and foreign, where, and to the extent that, the nature of the rights permits.
2. Fundamental rights are inviolable and inalienable. They include the freedom not to make use of them. Their exercise may, in single instances, be waved by free and responsible declaration of the rightholder, but such declaration is never binding for future instances.

Part II
Liberties and Property

Section I
Integrity

Article 28
Personal Integrity

1. Everyone has the right to life and bodily integrity.
2. Everyone has the right to remain free.
3. All citizens are free to reside anywhere in, move throughout, enter, and leave the Territory.
4. Capital and corporal punishment are abolished.
5. Torture is prohibited.

Article 30
Right to Testify and Inherit

Everyone has the right to testify and inherit.

Section II
Religious Freedom

Article 31
Freedom of Religion and Belief

1. Everyone has the right to choose and practice his or her religion, creed, conscience, faith, confession, and belief.
2. Everyone can refuse to give religious instructions.

Section III
Freedom of Communication

Article 32
Freedom of Expression and Information

1. Everyone has the right to freely express and disseminate his or her opinions.
2. The Freedom of the press and other media is guaranteed.
3. Everyone has the right to freely retrieve information from publicly available sources.
4. Censorship is abolished.

Section V

Political Rights

Article 37
Electoral Rights

1. All resident adults have the equal right to vote and to be elected. In national elections, only citizens have this right.
2. There is no compulsory voting.
3. Anyone who has attained the age of eighteen years is an adult.

Part III
Equality

Article 43
Equality

1. All humans are equal before the law.
2. Matrimonial equality and legitimacy equality are guaranteed.
3. All citizens are equally eligible for public office according to their professional aptitude.

Article 45
Abolishment of Nobility

No title of nobility is granted by the Republic of Iraq. Titles of nobility are no longer part of the family name.

Part IV
Right to Protection

Article 46
Special Protection

1. Protection of human dignity is a duty of the Republic of Iraq.
2. The institution of marriage has the special protection of the Republic of Iraq.
3. Families, mothers, and minors have the special protection of the Republic of Iraq.
4. Everyone persecuted on political grounds has the right to asylum.

1. No act may be punished unless it constituted a criminal offence under the law before having been committed.No one may be punished for the same act more than once .
2. Only judges may indict or summons persons or issue warrants for arrest, search, or seizure.
3. Everyone accused or arrested enjoys the right:

(a) to a speedy and public trial,
(b) to be presumed innocent until proven guilty,
(c) not to be a witness against himself,
(d) promptly to be informed about the reason of accusation or detention and about the right to be silent,
(e) to counsel for defense,
(f) to communicate with next-of-kin, partner, and legal, medical, and religious counselor,
(g) to be released no later than 24 hours after the arrest if not further detained after court hearing, and
(h) To redress in case of false imprisonment.

4. Liability for punishment is individual and never collective.

Article 51
Prohibition of Extradition

No citizen may be extradited to a foreign country.

Chapter V
Individual Restrictions

Part I
General Provisions

Article 52
Admissible Restrictions

1. The Republic of Iraq can apply restrictions on individual rights only for the purpose of protecting individual rights of other persons or furthering other Republic of Iraq interests explicitly mentioned in this Constitution.
2. Any restriction on individual rights must be competent and narrowly tailored to further the constitutional interest. Such restriction must be an adequate means to achieve the purpose of furthering the constitutional interest. Under no circumstances may the essence of a fundamental right be infringed.
3. Any restriction must apply generally and not solely to an individual case.

Article 53
Special Restrictions

Part II
Duties

rticle 54
General Duties

1. Parents have the duty to rear and educate their minor children.
2. Adults have the duty to support and assist their parents if they are in need.
3. Parents and children have the duty to ensure that minors attend public schools or equivalent institutions (compulsory schooling). Vocational schools and certified private schools are equivalent to public schools.

Part III
Burdens

Article 56
Taxation

1. The Republic of Iraq levies taxes from the citizens.
2. The Republic of Iraq levies taxes throughout the Territory.

Article 57
Mandatory Insurance

The Republic of Iraq establishes the requirements for mandatory insurance.

Part IV
Republic of Iraq Monopolies

Article 58
Monopolies on objects

No one but the national entities may own heavy weapons or ultra-hazardous material.

Article 59
Monopolies on activities

1. Persons and political parties who abuse fundamental rights in order to combat the free democratic basic order forfeit these rights.
2. Such forfeiture and the extent thereof are determined by the Supreme Court.

Article 61
Deprivation of Electoral Rights

By final court order, the right to vote and to be elected can, partially or at large, temporarily or unlimited, be suspended if an adult: